Bruxism is a repetitive, often unconscious activity of the masticatory muscles, leading to clenching and grinding of the teeth. It can also occur in edentulous patients. The consequences of bruxism are multifaceted – ranging from structural tooth wear, periodontal overload and damage to prosthetic restorations, to complications involving the temporomandibular joints. The aim of this study was to discuss the main clinical challenges and therapeutic possibilities related to prosthodontic treatment of patients with bruxism. A total of twenty scientific publications from 2018–2025 were analysed, retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar and Polish-language journals, focusing on the relationship between bruxism and prosthodontic treatment. The main clinical difficulties identified included diagnostic limitations, technical challenges in impression taking, and the increased risk of prosthetic failure. Modern therapeutic possibilities were also discussed, including the use of occlusal splints, digital technologies, and materials resistant to overload. The treatment of patients with bruxism requires a comprehensive, individualized and staged approach that considers both the protection of the stomatognathic system and the rehabilitation of occlusal functions. Therapy should be flexible, based on temporary prosthodontics, precise diagnostics and regular monitoring of treatment outcomes.