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RESEARCH PAPER
Automated extraction of kinematic parameters from electronic axiography using information technology tools – method development and preliminary observations
 
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Katedra Protetyki Stomatologicznej, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny Department of Prosthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw
 
 
Submission date: 2026-08-25
 
 
Acceptance date: 2026-09-17
 
 
Publication date: 2026-09-17
 
 
Prosthodontics 2026;76(3):229-238
 
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ABSTRACT
Background:
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) constitute one of the most common dysfunctions of the stomatognathic system. Condylography using the CADIAX 4 device provides rich kinematic data on mandibular movements; however, traditional analysis is limited to parameters calculated by the manufacturer. The use of information technology methods enables extraction of additional parameters from raw measurement data.

Aim:
To dDevelopment of a customized information tool for automated extraction of kinematic parameters from files exported by GAMMA Dental Software (GDSW), perform preliminary validation of the tool, and presentdemonstrateation of its application in on a small group of patients with various TMD diagnoses.

Material and methods:
Condylographic data of 10 ten patients (7 seven women, 3three men; mean age 41.4 ± 17.3 years) were analyzedanalysed, with the following diagnoses: no TMD (n=4), muscular TMD (n=3), articular TMD (n=3). Kinematic parameters of protrusion, right mediotrusion, left mediotrusion, and mouth opening movements were extracted from XCX (CADIAX XML Export) files, along with the Condylar Position Measurement (CPM). Calculations were performed in Python using pandas and numpy libraries.

Results:
A tool was developed enabling automated extraction of 137 kinematic parameters for each patient. Validation on reference data showed agreement with values calculated by GDSW. In the pilot group, a tendency toward greater protrusive movement asymmetry was observed in patients with articular TMD, as well as a tendency toward distraction of the right temporomandibular joint in patients with TMD diagnosis.

Conclusions:
The developed tool enables automated extraction of an extended set of kinematic parameters from CADIAX 4 examination. Preliminary observations suggest the potential of the method in objectifying the assessment of mandibular movement disorders, which requires confirmation in studies with on a larger patient grouppopulation.
eISSN:2391-601X
ISSN:0033-1783
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