RESEARCH PAPER
Automated extraction of kinematic parameters from
electronic axiography using information technology tools
– method development and preliminary observations
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Katedra Protetyki Stomatologicznej, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny
Department of Prosthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw
Submission date: 2026-08-25
Acceptance date: 2026-09-17
Publication date: 2026-09-17
Prosthodontics 2026;76(3):229-238
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Background:
Temporomandibular disorders
(TMD) constitute one of the most common
dysfunctions of the stomatognathic system.
Condylography using the CADIAX 4 device
provides rich kinematic data on mandibular
movements; however, traditional analysis
is limited to parameters calculated by the
manufacturer. The use of information technology
methods enables extraction of additional
parameters from raw measurement data.
Aim:
To dDevelopment of a
customized information tool for automated
extraction of kinematic parameters from files
exported by GAMMA Dental Software (GDSW),
perform preliminary validation of the tool, and
presentdemonstrateation of its application in
on a small group of patients with various TMD
diagnoses.
Material and methods:
Condylographic
data of 10 ten patients (7 seven women,
3three men; mean age 41.4 ± 17.3 years) were
analyzedanalysed, with the following diagnoses:
no TMD (n=4), muscular TMD (n=3), articular
TMD (n=3). Kinematic parameters of protrusion,
right mediotrusion, left mediotrusion, and
mouth opening movements were extracted from
XCX (CADIAX XML Export) files, along with
the Condylar Position Measurement (CPM).
Calculations were performed in Python using
pandas and numpy libraries.
Results:
A tool was developed enabling
automated extraction of 137 kinematic parameters
for each patient. Validation on reference data
showed agreement with values calculated by
GDSW. In the pilot group, a tendency toward
greater protrusive movement asymmetry was
observed in patients with articular TMD, as well
as a tendency toward distraction of the right
temporomandibular joint in patients with TMD
diagnosis.
Conclusions:
The developed tool enables
automated extraction of an extended set
of kinematic parameters from CADIAX 4
examination. Preliminary observations suggest
the potential of the method in objectifying the
assessment of mandibular movement disorders,
which requires confirmation in studies with on a
larger patient grouppopulation.